Depletion of this anti-inflammatory butyrate producer is among the most consistently replicated IBD findings.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Reduced richness is a hallmark of active disease across nearly all cohorts.
Butyrate producers decline alongside Faecalibacterium, weakening anti-inflammatory tone.
Blooms during Crohn’s flares and secretes an inflammatory polysaccharide — one of the more reproducible expansions.
Adherent-invasive strains are enriched, especially in Crohn’s — a strain-level, not species-level, story.
Enriched in Crohn’s and shown to amplify pro-inflammatory cytokines, creating a vicious circle with inflammation.
Preferentially colonizes inflamed lesions and impairs mucosal wound healing in Crohn’s — a specific, mechanistic fungal finding.
Expanded in Crohn’s and worsens colitis in mice via the IBD-linked CARD9 gene.
This generally protective yeast is depleted in Crohn’s and correlates with the beneficial bacteria also lost.
Largely absent where IBD is common; their immunomodulation may be protective, and controlled exposure has been trialed as therapy.
Consistently LESS common in IBD than in healthy people, hinting at a protective or health-marker role.
Reported in HMDAD (1 cited study).
Reported in Disbiome, HMDAD, Peryton (1 cited study).
Certain gut strains drive Th17 inflammation in models and are enriched in some IBD patients.
Unlike most gut archaea, it provokes a strong inflammatory response, and higher antibody levels are reported in IBD.
The classic reported shift is an expansion of these phages — but whether diversity truly rises or a temperate core replaces a healthy one is debated.
Reported in HMDAD, Peryton (2 cited studies).
Reported in Disbiome, HMDAD, Peryton (2 cited studies).
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Disbiome.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.
Reported in Peryton.