Bacteria · Species

Akkermansia muciniphila

Beneficial A mucin-degrading species that strengthens the gut barrier and is broadly tied to metabolic health — though its role flips in some conditions.

Associated with these conditions

Type 2 diabetes Reduced

This barrier-supporting species is lower with insulin resistance.

Moderate evidence

Obesity Reduced

Lower abundance associates with obesity and metabolic dysfunction across cohorts.

Moderate evidence

Metabolic syndrome Reduced

Reduced Akkermansia is a recurring feature; a pasteurized form improved metabolic markers in a human pilot trial.

Moderate evidence

Multiple sclerosis Elevated

Counter-intuitively enriched in MS — a reminder that the same organism can be favourable or unfavourable by context.

Moderate evidence

Parkinson’s disease Elevated

Enriched in Parkinson’s — the opposite of its direction in metabolic disease, underscoring context-dependence.

Moderate evidence

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Associated with

Reported in Disbiome, Peryton.

Moderate evidence

Colorectal cancer Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Atopy Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Cystic fibrosis Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Autism spectrum (ASD) Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Hyperlipidemia Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Psoriasis Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Microscopic colitis Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Allergic asthma Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Schizophrenia Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Esophageal cancer Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Type 1 diabetes Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Pulmonary tubercolosis Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Spleen deficiency syndrome Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Pulmonary arterial hypertension Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Multiple system atrophy Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Clostridium difficile infection Associated with

Reported in Disbiome.

Preliminary

Crohn Disease Associated with

Reported in Peryton.

Preliminary

Colorectal Neoplasms Associated with

Reported in Peryton.

Preliminary

Parkinson Disease Associated with

Reported in Peryton.

Preliminary

Stomach Neoplasms Associated with

Reported in Peryton.

Preliminary

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Associated with

Reported in Peryton.

Preliminary

What shifts it

Exercise Raises it

Lifestyle

Moderate evidence Well-established

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