Medication · influence

Antibiotics

Well-established

Powerful and cross-kingdom: by clearing bacteria they remove colonization resistance, letting fungi and C. difficile bloom in the cleared space. They don’t directly touch parasites or viruses.

What it shifts

Overall diversity Community metric Lowers

Community metric

Well-replicated

Bifidobacterium Beneficial Lowers

Genus

Well-replicated

Clostridioides difficile Pathogen Raises

Species

Well-replicated

Candida albicans Opportunist Raises

Yeast · species

Moderate evidence

Enterococcus Opportunist Raises

Genus

Moderate evidence

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